A MODEL OF RETAIL OUTLET SELECTION FOR BEEF

Multinomial logit models were used to explain consumer outlet selection when buying beef, specifically roasts, steaks, ground beef, and other types of beef. Outlets were grouped into supermarkets, butchers, warehouses, supercenters, and others, and the probability of selecting each outlet type over a range of demographic and other variables was tested. The models were estimated from household data, with 198,682 observations used in the estimation. Empirical results showed that the type of beef purchased and the size of the purchase played an importance role in the choice of outlet. Furthermore, the increase in mobility seen when consumers buy larger unit cuts could not be fully explained by price discounting. Implications for the potential growth of each outlet types are discussed.Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

The spanish revolution of 1820 on the british stage: Ferdinand the Seventh; or, A Dramatic Sketch of the Recent Revolution in Spain (1823)

El presente trabajo analiza Ferdinand the Seventh; or, A Dramatic Sketch of the Recent Revolution in Spain, una obra de teatro publicada en Londres en 1823 que narra cómo se vivió el pronunciamiento de Rafael de Riego en la corte de Fernando VII. Situándose claramente a favor de la causa liberal, el drama muestra a un monarca débil y manipulable, que inicialmente trata de reprimir la insurrección, pero acaba jurando la Constitución de 1812. Aunque en la portada se presenta como la traducción al inglés de un manuscrito en español escrito por Manuel Sarratea, la imagen de España y de la revolución liberal de 1820 presente en el texto está en consonancia con la visión que la opinión pública británica tenía de la situación política española.This paper analyses the drama Ferdinand the Seventh; or, A Dramatic Sketch of the Recent Revolution in Spain. Published in London in 1823, this play explores the reactions to the coup led by Rafael de Riego in the court of Ferdinand VII. The author clearly supports the liberal cause and portrays the King as a weak and changeable individual, who first tries to repress the rebellion, but eventually proclaims the Constitution of 1812. Although the work is presented as the English translation of a Spanish manuscript by Manuel de Sarratea, the image of Spain and of the liberal revolution of 1820 contained in the text is in tune with the vision of the political situation in Spain that dominated public opinion in Britain

Romantic Strife: The First Carlist War (1833–1840) in British Fiction

British volunteers fought on both sides of the First Carlist War (1833–1840), the dynastic struggle between the liberal factions that championed Isabella II and the reactionary forces that supported Don Carlos’s claim to the Spanish throne. Despite British intervention, the conflict did not arouse as much interest in Britain as the Peninsular War (1808–1814), but it served as the setting for several English literary works that reconstructed it from different perspectives. These fictional texts include George Ryder’s Los Arcos (1845), Frederick Hardman’s The Student of Salamanca (1845–1846), and Edward Augustus Milman’s The Wayside Cross; or, the Raid of Gomez (1847). This paper analyses these texts focusing on their representations of Spain and the First Carlist War and shows that they mostly ignore British intervention in the conflict and perpetuate the romantic image of Spain that had emerged in Britain during the Peninsular War

Towards a New Canon: Ensayo sobre la literatura inglesa (1881) and the Reception of English Literature in Spain in the Nineteenth Century

Este artículo analiza Ensayo sobre la literatura inglesa, obra de Joaquín Henrich y Girona publicada en 1881 que puede considerarse la primera historia completa de la literatura inglesa escrita en español. Su publicación se enmarca en una fase de la recepción de la literatura inglesa en España en la que crece el conocimiento y el interés por esta literatura y, como consecuencia, se configura un nuevo canon literario inglés

The use of stem cells as a therapeutic modality for amelioration of chronic renal damage after warm or cold ischaemic insults

Several epidemiological studies have shown that AKI is a risk factor for progression to CKD. IRI is one of the main causes of AKI, and for that reason, murine models of AKI are mostly based on renal ischaemia, although in most cases the observation time of these studies is too short to draw reliable conclusions regarding the long-term outcomes. This study provides a description of the long-term renal outcomes of murine models of warm ischaemia and addresses the current discrepancies in scientific literature concerning the role of the renal mass at the time of ischaemic injury. Furthermore, the transcutaneous evaluation of kidney function was implemented measuring FITC-S clearance, which was a very useful, non-invasive and sensible technique, particularly in animals with mild to moderate kidney function impairment, but proved troublesome in animals with severe kidney function deterioration. In the context of warm ischaemia models, unilateral ischaemia without contralateral nephrectomy at the time of injury led to long-term kidney function deterioration, once the non-ischaemic kidney was removed. Additionally, histopathological analysis revealed cyst formation, increased number of ED1+ macrophages and a higher extent of interstitial fibrosis compared to the animals nephrectomised right after ischaemic injury. Thus, this model makes a good candidate for interventional studies. Since AKI patients have to rely in supportive care and renal replacement therapy, new therapeutic modalities are greatly needed. Thus, MSC as well as MSC conditioned media therapies have become an interesting choice because of their many attributed properties. Therefore, in this study the treatment with hASC was implemented in the aforementioned warm ischaemia model, with a single injection 14 days after injury. The main finding was a strong reduction of ED1+ macrophages in the post-ischaemic kidneys of the cell treated animals vs. vehicle-treated. This might be explained by the notion that in a pro-inflammatory milieu, hASC adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype that might lead to PGE2 production by hASC, causing monocyte polarization to M2 macrophages. Cold ischaemia and minor MHC disparity were implemented in order to increase the severity of the model and achieve strong clinical and morphological end-points. This was indeed attained using a Fischer-Lewis kidney transplantation model with 8 hours of cold ischaemia. Thereafter, the treatment with ABCB5+ cells and its derived CM was implemented, one day before and seventeen days after KTx. Neither of the treatments was able to significantly ameliorate any kidney function parameter, although a trend toward worsened kidney function was observed in the cell-treated group. Likewise, the number of ED1+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells in the kidney grafts was not significantly reduced by either treatment. This lack of inhibition might be explained by the cell pre-treatment, as it has been reported that when no inflammation is present MSC can switch to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. As for the Banff classification scores, this model leads to lesions mostly associated mostly to T-cell mediated rejection, namely tubulitis, vasculitis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. In this context, cell-treated animals presented the worst scores in all four criteria and no great difference between the control group and CM-treated group were observed, besides a trend toward improved vasculitis and interstitial fibrosis in the CM-treated group. This might be attributed to the angiogenic and anti-fibrotic potential of MSC secretome components

The Discourse of Gender Violence in Middle English Literature: A socio-linguistic analysis of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales have been widely studied and analyse by many scholars (Ashton, 1998 Ellis, 1998 and Phillips, 2000) as they are an extraordinary portrayal of the English Middle Ages, depicting people from different social strata (knights, wives, clerks, nuns, kings, etc). Among all these studies, two aspects of The Canterbury Tales have received comparatively more attention: on the one hand, the symbolic illustration and narrative imagery of English medieval society (Olson, 1996; Mann, 1987; Knapp, 1990), on the other, feminist and antifeminist interpretations of some of the tales and the pilgrims (Wright, 1989; Butler, 1990; Ashton, 1998; Martin, 1990; Stephens and Ryans, 1998; Bissow, 1998). Occasionally, both aspects (English medieval society and gender relations) have been associated with a third aspect that will be the focus of our article, i.e., the representation of violence against women in medieval literature

Media Ecosystems and Youth Voting: Profiles of County-Level Support for Civic Participation

A complex, interconnected web of conditions in a community shape young people's civic development, their access to information about politics and elections, and their ability to meaningfully participate in civic life. One major element of those conditions is the media, which includes not just formal news outlets but an ecosystem of institutions, information pathways, technological access, and online/offline behaviors.A new CIRCLE project examines that relationship by creating profiles of what media ecosystems look like in different communities across the U.S., the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of those profiles, and their connection to youth voter turnout in recent national elections. You can explore this research through a new interactive data visualization and a full report